Trident Submarine Case Study Essay Example for Free

Trident Submarine Case Study Essay In the fall of 1971, as President Nixon was endeavoring to persuade The Soviet Union to remember submarines and ballistic rockets for the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), the US Navy was anticipating presenting another class of submarines called the Trident. The Trident submarines were to succeed the Polaris submarines, which was created during the 1950s. The Trident submarines were not just genuinely bigger than the Polaris submarines, they likewise had progressive drive segments and weaponry. In the event that the US could effectively dispatch the Trident program, Nixon felt it would produce progress in SALT by exhibiting the United States’ promise to key submarines and rockets. Be that as it may, if the Trident program couldn't convey, Nixon would consider patching up the Polaris class, which could stop the Trident program uncertainly. In light of Nixon’s center around the United States’ submarine capacities, the Navy pronounced that they could collect a Trident submarine similarly as fast as building a Polaris. These striking cases presented extra weight on the individuals behind the Trident program, as the evaluated fabricate time had now been decreased. The refreshed time span likewise moved the conversation to the kind of agreement the Navy would utilize when managing temporary workers on the Trident. Rather than planning the agreement to appropriate hazard similarly and advance simple administration, the Navy currently required an agreement that would ensure conveyance of the primary submarine inside six years and would incorporate exacting powers over the task. The agreement conversation immediately transformed into a discussion between the supporters for cost-repayment and fixed value contracts. A fixed value contract considers the temporary worker answerable for conveying an item that meets the entirety of the presentation particulars at a concurred cost. A cost-repayment contract implies that a contractual worker endeavors to meet the customer’s execution, time, and cost necessities and will be repaid for the expense of the venture. Both fixed-cost and cost-repayment agreements can be created in different structures. Be that as it may, the Navy generally utilized fixed-cost contracts for items with realized form times and little improvement exertion. Cost-repayment contracts were commonly utilized in first time advancement ventures, where the time and expenses couldn't be precisely assessed. The Navy has a background marked by utilizing cost-repayment contracts on the first or lead boat and afterward utilizing a fixed-cost contract for any extra ships. While the method of reasoning behind utilizing a cost-repayment contract on the lead transport in a class is justifiable, I accept the Navy would profit more from a fixed-cost contract in this circumstance. All the more explicitly, by considering the abbreviated time span, severe administration necessities, and the craving to ensure the government’s interests, I accept the Navy should utilize a Fixed Price Incentive (FPI) contract. A FPI contract sets up a last agreement value that incorporates an objective expense in addition to a benefit alteration. FPI agreements can utilize a recipe to compute the last expense taking into account a modification in benefit if the expense and calendar changes. A FPI contract additionally contains a negative charge highlight, which can be applied to alter the benefit of the contractual worker if the last expense or calendar surpasses the objective expense or timetable. I accept the FPI is relevant in light of the fact that there isn't sufficient data to set a firm objective expense for the work, yet there is sufficient data to build up starting objective cost, beginning objective benefit, and an underlying benefit modification recipe. Pushing ahead after the lead transport is created, the Navy can arrange a firm-fixed-value contract when the real expense is better characterized. In any case, the reality remains that the Trident submarine is another boat, and the shipbuilders could be confronted with undiscovered creation challenges, for example, reflect welds, which could hinder the assemble time and increment work costs. These kinds of surprising expenses are the reason for the cost-repayment contract approach and stay a hazard inside each fixed cost contract. Fixed cost contracts additionally risk lessening the nature of work for staying under spending plan. Considering the dangers related with a fixed-cost contract, I despite everything accept that a fixed-cost contract in this circumstance will be increasingly fruitful. It will permit the Navy to carefully implement the agreement, which will mollify Admiral Rockover and reinforce trust in the House and Senate. The motivator segment of the agreement is proposed to guarantee that the shipbuilders dedicate satisfactory time and assets to the Trident venture as it legitimately impacts their benefits. I additionally accept that hazard related with high improvement related expenses is decreased by having the impetus and weapons conveyed to the shipbuilders as government outfitted gear (GFE), which are pre-assembled frameworks that simply require establishment. The shipbuilders are specialists in building submarines, so while the Trident boats will be bigger the genuine improvement costs have just been experienced while making the GFEs, so surprising spikes in cost ought to be maintained a strategic distance from.

Sustainability – Case Study: Zimbabwe

Reasonable improvement is advancement that addresses the issues of the current age without trading off the capacity of people in the future to address their own issues. Find and relate to a sketch map the geology of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is a landlocked nation situated in southern eastern Africa. The territory is generally high level with a higher focal level (high veld †any of the open touching regions of southern Africa) and mountains in the east. Zimbabwe covers a territory of 39000 sq. kms and has a populace of 12.8 million of which 35% are urbanized. Half of these are in the capital city which is Harare (situated by the red spot on the guide). What are the difficulties that face Zimbabwe today? You can peruse likewise Costco Case Study There is racial partition as just 2% of the populace is white; of the dominant part dark populace 71% are Shona and 16% Ndebele. The nation is presently successfully bankrupt. Social help arrangement is in decrease and joblessness is running at 60%. From acting naturally adequate in essential food stuffs it is assessed that in 2003/2004 just a single third of its primary staple food maize will be accessible. A large portion of the populace are said by an O.E.C.D. Report (2003) to confront starvation without outside guide. There are spatial disparities, for example, at the fringe. The World Bank (1999) evaluated the 6 million populace in the collective terrains live on not exactly a normal of 1US$ a head for each day and that 58% live under the destitution line contrasted and 8% in the center. The fringe needs urbanization, rail and street systems, power frameworks, mining bequests, fabricating and different types of social foundation. From 1990 †to date the legislature moved away from an immediate endeavor to address the issue of territorial disparities towards monetary arrangements which profited the center district however which it was trusted would likewise carry spread impacts to the fringe. The center is as yet ruled by an industrialist based and send out orientated economy. There is outrageous social dualism, 20% of the populace order 60% of the nation's GDP and are chiefly urban based. Since 2000 a badly considered Fast Track land change program, along with illicit land control of white business ranches, has neglected to fundamentally ease pressure on public terrains and injured the business horticulture division which was a primary wellspring of food gracefully and the significant wellspring of fares. Layout the pressing needs that Zimbabwe faces today. Decrease of territorial imbalances is a focal arrangement under the administration's proclaimed rule of ‘Equity with Growth'. They are a consequence of a blend of interrelated components: Natural asset variations and common occasions, for example, intermittent dry spell, Economic powers, center fringe differentiates, a disappointment of government strategies, outside elements working from 1890. From 1998, and especially following the disputable 2000 general political decision, Zimbabwe has been dove into emergency because of various elements †occasional dry seasons, the Aids plague, widespread expansion unfavorably influencing both inward funds and the nation's intensity in abroad markets and a breakdown in every single significant part of the economy. The disabled business farming area which was a fundamental wellspring of food gracefully and the significant wellspring of fares, realized by the land change program. This adds to across the board food deficiencies and monetary downturn from sends out.

2600 Years of the University

2600 Years of the University Note:xTalks: Digital Discourses is a seminar series from the MIT Office of Digital Learning designed to facilitate awareness, deep understanding, and transference of educational innovations at MIT and elsewhere. Last week, I attended a fascinating xTalk by Professor Shailendra Raj Mehta, The University of the Future: Lessons from a 2600 Year History. This blog post is a summary of the event. ________________________ Imagine: you are a prospective university student in India, 600 BC, traveling to Taxila, where roads and civilizations come together. A professor at the gate asks you a questionyour entrance test. You are intimidated by the great scholar. Just last week the king had stood up to honor him during the morning assembly. But you are determined to get into Taxila despite the 10-20% acceptance rate. You have come prepared for any question. Never mind that your family cannot afford to pay for your university education. You are confident that you will receive generous financial aid to pursue your studies, regardless of your caste, gender, or religion. 2600 years later, we have forgotten the prospective Taxila scholar. For centuries, history had largely ignored the 1800-year development of higher education in India. After the final five Indian universities were destroyed in 12th century AD, few records of them remained, even in their home country. Instead, the Indian tradition was recorded and spread by travelers from China, Japan, Tibet, and Korea, where it influenced new university chains. Now scholars are bringing back the knowledge of Indian higher education, and Shailendra Raj Mehta is a prominent voice in the movement. Many are surprised to hear that the first university in the world was founded in India in 6th century BCE. The common narrative points to 11th century Europe as the starting place for higher ed when, in fact, the history of universities spans through three vastly different geographic regions: India (~ 600 BCE 12000 AD), Europe (~ 1100 1900 AD), and finally the United States (~1900 AD present). No one has previously considered the history of all three epochs together, and so Professor Mehtas talk on the 2600-year history of universities was particularly fascinating. The most surprising part of the talk was outlining the very similar challenges that the three regions university leaders had to tackle. This is especially shocking considering that none of the Indian tradition made it to 11th century Europe to influence the subsequent development of European universities. In a limited number of paragraphs, I will attempt to summarize the common features of universities throughout history and from different parts of the world, as described by Shailendra Raj Mehta. Sixteen of these features are of Indian universities, later adopted by both the European and US systems. The next three are European developments. The final three are additional developments that allowed the US to become the current world leader in higher education. Note the amazing resemblance of the Ancient Indian system to our current US system. Features of the Indian System: Diversity of Subjects Studied: for a university to gain its status, it must be a place where many fields are studied. This was certainly the case for Taxila, where students were exposed to 18 branches of knowledge, including Law, Liberal Arts, Theology, Medicine and all the Sciences. Residential Education: the idea behind this was (and still is) to completely transform an individual by taking them away from a familiar home environment. Global Education: many famous political figures and scholars stopped by Taxila, including Alexander the Great and Democritus. Peer Review: this included various global and medical conferences, as well as thesis defense (after which the presenting scholar was told, much like in our time, well done!). Case-Based Reasoning: this was the Indian precursor to the modern scientific method, a model for medical diagnostics and legal reasoning, as well good argumentation. Financial Assistance for Students: even in the 6th century BCE, meritorious students were not turned away because of low income. University teachers would even offer students work-study opportunities. Public Funding: most Indian universities were fully supported by private donations (including by women) and the state. The institutions, although Buddhist, were additionally funded by the Hindu king. Endowments: like the universities today, Indian universities controlled endowment funds to finance the institutions operations. Corporate Form: all Indian universities were Buddhist, and the Buddhist Monastery was the first corporation. Certification/Degrees/Licensing: Indian universities had many different degrees available, including Acharya, Upadhyaya, Pandit and Mahapandit. Knowledge Repositories: one Indian university, Nalanda, was reported to have had three libraries, each one nine stories tall and extending into the clouds. Admission standards: each prospective student had to pass a literal entrance test with a top university scholar situated at every gate. Only 10-20% of applicants made the cut. Competition: the seven Indian universities and other academic centers competed with each other. Academic Freedom: no scholar was ever censored for violating the precepts of religion, and even the Hindu king would rise for the Buddhist scholars. Womens Education and Democratic Access: students of all castes, religions, and regions were welcome. For women, there were separate colleges within the larger universities. Centralized Structure: universities were a centralized whole rather than a co-location of scholars. Additional Features of the European System: Scientific Method: European universities appropriated the modern scientific method. Unity of Research and Teaching: the Humboldtian model of higher education promoted a holistic combination of research and studies, and the integration of the arts and sciences. Learned Societies and Journals: these adopted seamlessly into the university system and were later used for peer review. Additional Features of the US System: Unitary Governance: a university president decides on non-academic matters under the guidance of a board of trustees. Alumni Governance: the boards of most top US universities are almost entirely comprised of alumni. According to Professor Mehta, this is the defining feature for the excellence of American higher education. Bayh-Dole Act: enacted in 1980, this Act allows universities to commercialize research by allowing them to pursue ownership of inventions made with federal funding. Imagine: 2600 years after your entrance exam to Taxila, you are filling out the holistic MIT application. The MIT acceptance rate is under 10% but no professors stand at the gates to decide your fate. Students of all genders share the same dormitory and classroom spaces. The Institute is not affiliated with any major religion and is governed mainly by alumni. Many things have changed, but the spirit of the university remains. Both Taxila and MIT embody the mission of transforming lives. And after 2600 years of challenges and inventions, universities remain essential centers of learning. Imagine now all the possibilities for development of higher education in the centuries ahead. _______________________ See Professor Mehtas detailed presentation slides here. See the recorded xTalk here. See more blog posts from the Office of Digital Learninghere. Post Tagged #MIT Office of Digital Learning #xTalks

The Inequality That Black Students Experience - 1330 Words

females (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, 2011). The second reason is that the less experienced teachers are commonly placed in the most difficult schools teaching the most difficult students (Douglas, Lewis, Scott, Garrison-Wade, 2008). Poor teacher quality is a huge factor in the achievement gap (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, 2011). Receivement Gap The research conducted by Venzant-Chambers (2009) attempts to address the inequality that Black students experience in receiving equal access to quality educational opportunities. Therefore, the receivement gap places the focus on what opportunities are being provided to Black students. Venzant-Chambers (2009) explained receivement gap and its use in this discourse. the term receivement gap is useful because it focuses attention on educational inputs-what the students receive on their educational journey, instead of outputs-their performance on a standardized test. This refocusing also moves attention away from the students as the source of these disparities, and toward the larger structure and forces that play a role in their education and development (p. 417). Venzant-Chambers (2009) asserted the issue of the Black and White achievement gap must be viewed through other lenses opposed to the single view of Black students cannot perform as well as White students. Venzant-Chambers (2 009) offered other avenues by which to examine the achievement gap such as school tracking, examining theShow MoreRelatedEducation Is Not An Equal Opportunity For Everyone1473 Words   |  6 Pagesin society positively, while creating an outlet to educate the ignorant, it becomes problematic when education is not an equal opportunity for everyone. In Adrienne Rich’s essay, â€Å"Taking Women Students Seriously†, she speaks of the inequality mainly affecting women while subtly hinting at the inequality present in education in regards to race and class. Gender, race and class are three characteristics that work together to create either a positive or negative profile for one’s education. When delvingRead MoreThe Social Institution Of Education1283 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough steps have been taken to afford individuals the opportunity to obtain an education, there still lies an inequality and therefore, a social problem is created. Using the sociological perspectives of functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist, we can see how each perspective views how this inequality becomes prevalent and how social, as well as economic inequalities of society are inherited through education. Functionalist define a social problem by looking for the functions andRead MoreWhy Education Is Not An Equal Opportunity For Everyone1259 Words   |  6 Pagesposition of people in society while creating an outlet to educate the ignorant, it becomes problematic when education is not an equal opportunity for everyone. In Adrienne Rich’s essay, Taking Women Students Seriously, she speaks of the inequality mainly affecting women while subtly hinting at the inequality present in education in regards to race and class. Gender, race and class are three characteristics that work together to create either a positive or negative profile for one’s education. When delvingRead MoreIn January 2013 a prominent national US newspaper quoted former Secretary of State, Condolezza800 Words   |  4 PagesIn January 2013 a prominent national US newspaper quoted former Secretary of State, Condolezza Rice, â€Å"It doesn’t matter where you come from, but where you are going.† However, In â€Å"The Land of Opportunity,† James Loewen discusses how significant inequality is in America. The social class that you are born into will influence your outlook on social class and will also be the social class you stay in (Loewen, 1995. 322). Your social class will determine the opportunities available for you includingRead MoreUnequal City : Race, Schools, And Perceptions Of Injustice Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic of inequality is usually one that holds different meanings for people of various backgrounds. Within the last couple of years, the news has been flooded with stories relating to racial inequality amongst minorities on college campuses and racial discrimination via the police force. On November 20th, 2015, an article released by NPR suggests that these emerging adults have been more aware of injustice because of the schools they attended during their adolescence. In this article, Carla Shedd—anRead MoreInequality Between Education And Education Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesInequality in Education Money Matters The United States had gone through so many changes over the years and with each change we could say that we have become a better nation. Along the way to becoming a better nation, we have gone through highs and lows; however there seems to be a constant low that is now taking a toll on our children. The low may also end up having an effect on our future and that low is inequality in education among minority races and low income students. Low income studentsRead MoreRacial Identity And Access For High Academic Achievement1475 Words   |  6 Pagesreason why students of minority races have lesser academic achievement when provided the same economic opportunities and environment in which to learn as white students.   Several hypotheses assert that the inequalities must be due to racialized peer pressure and unjust teacher interactions or different racial expectations to which minority students and white students hold themselves.   In her article â€Å"Studying While Black: Trust, Opportunity, and Disrespect,† Sally Haslanger asserts that blacks are deniedRead MoreAcademic Apartheid, By Lee And Zhou777 Words   |  4 Pagessuburb of Southern California’s school district that produces and reproduces inequality between schools. Drawing from extensive ethnographic data, the author argues that a high-prestige comprehensive high school uses a continuation school in the same school district as a â€Å"dumping ground† of underperforming students—who are disproportionately black and Latino and/or socioeconomically disadvantaged compared to the overall student profile of the school district—as a way to maintain their institutional prestigeRead MoreSavage Inequalities By Jonathan Kozol986 Words   |  4 PagesIn Savage Inequalities, Jonathan Kozol documents the troubling inequalities within American public school systems and their various districts. Thus focusing on the â€Å"savage inequalities† between highly privileged dis tricts and poor districts within these public school systems. From the time period of 1988 to 1990, Jonathan Kozol visited various public schools in multiple neighborhoods, including East St. Louis, the Bronx, Chicago, Harlem, Jersey City, and San Antonio. Throughout the chapters, KozolRead MoreThe Human Mind And Behavior As Individuals And Small Groups984 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the form and change of society. And conflict theory explains that inequality exists because those in control of a disproportionate share of society’s resources. Symbolic interaction theory says that human behavior is influenced by meanings that are created and maintained through interaction with others. The living environment is relatively poor for those low-income students, where normally lacks art resources. Those students may not afford the fee to commute to other areas to participate in arts

Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology - 1939 Words

Emotions, they are all inside the vas notion on how we develop into this world. It makes us who we are, the specific relationships in which we have with others and connect on aa different level. Where do these emotions come in from? More specifically how does one cope in the preteens when things begin to chance. Each emotion is made as moments happen in one’s life. Just as in a movie Inside Out, the brains development defines the person’s life. So many emotions are made but there are specific core emotions that are inside of us. These emotions such as: Joy, Sadness, Fear, Disgust, and Anger. These ideas come from stages in which we need to hit as we grow in order to develop properly. There were two main developments in psychology that support the where our development into each stage come from. For starters there’s Sigmund Freud, a main contributor to psychology (neurologist), that believed there is a specific order in the stages of development. His stages are called Psychosexual Stages of Development. The Five stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital. (As seen in Figure 1) These developments are more on the physical side to growing into puberty and so on. Freuds ideas are the first of a long line of developers to come (Bee, Helen). Next Erik Erickson (American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst) idea develops 8 stages branching from Freuds ideas (as shown in figure 2). These stages are known as Psychosocial Stages. The 8 stages are: Trust vs.Show MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology942 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud continues to be the subject of conversation in the field of psychology. The conversations seem to lead to Freud versus another imperative person in the field, such as B.F. Skinner. According to Overskeid (2007) most research articles focus on the difference between the two. Here the author takes a different approach, looks at similarities within the psychanalysis dynamics. The two agreed upon human predicament that people are controlled by forces which they are not conscious (OverskeidRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand touch known as the â€Å"mesmeric pass† (Kirsch et.al., 1995). Psychoanalysis was introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud conceptualized the mind, metaphorically, as an ancient, buried ruin which had to been unearthed much like an archeologist would unearth the treasures of an ancient civilization. Freud s influence can be traced from his hard core natural science background as a student of neurology. Freud s version of psychoanalysis had its predecessor in the work with hysterics conducted by neurologistsRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1233 Words   |  5 Pages Sigmund Freud is the idealist that concepted the idea of verbal psychotherapy, Freudian Psychology. His theories of psychoanalysis are based upon understand the unconscious mind. His ideals portray that there are three key components that are responsible for a human beings personality. These components include id, ego and superego. Freud s major contributions to todays society and study of psychology are his theories on the unconscious mind, dreams, libido, infantile sexuality, repression and transferenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesPsychoanalysis is an approach to psychology that was made well known as a way to bring for the unconscious to the conscious. It is theorized that the memories that we store in our unconscious affects us, and can cause neurotic behaviors. The approaches also include Analytical, Individual. Three people that worked on these theories are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each of these men approached psychoanalysis in both similar and individual ways, and have their own theories that will be furtherRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words   |  5 PagesLuwanna Perry Theories Counseling 06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800’s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. â€Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as anRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1568 Words   |  7 Pages Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesAt the start psychology was not a science; it was ‘made up’. In pre-historic age it was believed any behaviour that swayed from ‘the norm’ was due to demonic spirits possessing the brain. Advances in treatments and medicine, allow us to recognise how barbarous this belief was. The progress of these advances was clear by the opening of the first experimental laboratory in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt’s establishment of psychology as an academic discipline exaggerated how obsolete the pr evious wayRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud, originally a neurologist, is a well-known psychologist that developed the field of psychoanalytic psychology. Although he died in 1939 his theories and practices live on and many psychologists will still consult Freud’s ideas when faced with specific cases. Freud was a firm believer in the notion that sex and aggression is the root of motivation for all human behavior and many people agree with him, but one of his former collogues, Alfred Adler, would come to disagree with this idea

Media Studies Free Essays

April 5, 2013Unit 3 – Lesson 14 – Key Question #30Keitlin Okell In today’s society the media can portray different â€Å"groups† in certain ways towards society. One of these groups are teenagers; the realities that are portrayed within this specific group can be very misunderstood or very accurate depending on what is â€Å"seen† and â€Å"not seen†, values are also constructed within the media around us as teenagers not valuing what was valued in the past generations. Finally with the different media surrounding everyone’s lives, the commercial factors do influence the media with the â€Å"teenager† topic with giving teenagers a bad image sometimes but however the commercial factors can give a positive look on teenagers. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now If people were asked what their first thoughts of when they heard the word â€Å"teenager†, the first thoughts that come to their mind will probably shock you, with it being; negative, wild, irresponsible, immortal, violent, monsters, etc. These type of thoughts that are constructed about teenagers come from the media and what is â€Å"seen† and â€Å"not seen†. What is seen in the media the â€Å"glamorous† lifestyles of teenagers that go out to drink, party, abuse alcohol and drugs, deal with violence, and other inappropriate actions; all these actions are shown within movies, TV shows (reality or not), newspaper and even music. An example is the movie â€Å"Mean Girls†, this movie is about cliches, and how the high school life â€Å"is†, with the lies, sex, drinking, and not showing the positives of being a teenager and the difficulties that every teenager goes through. The media doesn’t show the hard part of being a teenager such as being bullied, exams, stress and insecurities. Also what is not shown within the media about teenagers is that they do care about politics, society’s issues, the environment, volunteering, their school work and other positive activities. Realistic wise, the media over exaggerates the topic of being a teenager because the media thrives on scandals even if that includes over reacting the â€Å"life of a teenager†; this is to get the audiences reaction, awareness and entertainment all at once. The values that are represented about teenagers are right but are also wrong. The negative values that are represented for teenagers is that they don’t care about â€Å"anything†, self-discipline, self- control is not as important as it was before. Teenage girls seem to be known to have the values of â€Å"teenage pregnancy†, while other teenagers have values of smoking weed, drinking, having a good time rather than having a good education, a future and moral values that will be needed to everyday life. On the other hand the positive values that are shown about teenagers are their families, education, respecting ourselves including our bodies, and some people might think this is bad but it could be a good thing, technology. Technology is growing every day and affecting everybody’s lives one way or another so the opinion that the teenager values technology all depends on the person’s thoughts. The social consequences of media portraying teenagers in this manner is that teenagers get a bad â€Å"image† and when someone sees a teenager now a days they will think they are up to no good, having no hope for the future generations including us and the generation after us. Teenagers have this â€Å"bad image† of being irresponsible, untrusted, and just unappreciated takes a toll on someone and they can act out and do the actions everybody expects them to do. Also what could happen is that with such a high expectation for somebody it can just be too much for that one person and that is where more problems can appear. Other social consequences that the media can contribute to is when on the TV, teenagers see these celebrities eat so much but yet have those â€Å"perfect† bodies that everybody seem to want, having commercials with models that look flawless when in reality they don’t look like that but of course the media doesn’t tell the audience that. The final discussion I want to talk about is the commercial factors that influence the media; the media mostly shows a Caucasian attractive person who is very confident and it seems to be that this â€Å"person† is in every TV show, commercial, movie, etc. The commercials that are shown in today’s society vary different objectives in the audience in what they want to sell or promote, it can be from a new smartphone (new technology) to a campaign about stopping bullying. The media is influencing the commercial factors by showing the audience of what â€Å"teenagers want† and what â€Å"teenagers need† as in help having a voice in bullying for example. The commercials can either show a positive look on teenagers or a negative look, normally the media has a little of both and that can influence a teenager either in a good way or bad. For example you see commercials that set awareness of drinking and driving or texting and driving giving teenagers a new outlook of what could possibly happen if they do these actions which in this case will leave a positive influence on teenagers in making the right choice. Commercial factors can influence teenagers, but in the end it all depends on the eenager and their thoughts and values. In the end, media does influence teenagers as it also portrays a good and bad image even if it’s realistic or not. The media has two sides of this, the â€Å"seen† and the â€Å"not seen† realities of teenagers, the values can be depicted by the audience if the teenagers values are true or not. The social consequences can vary but can be very serious with the media surrounding everybody every d ay and with the commercial factors that are also influenced by the media the teenager topic can either be looked at in a positive way or negative. How to cite Media Studies, Papers Media Studies Free Essays Racism is the theory that people from one race is superior to the other. It asserts the separatists view of the different races in terms of physical characteristics, cultural patterns and modes of behavior (â€Å"Racism†). Racism results into many forms of prejudices and inequities in terms of education, employment, social respect and the likes. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the US, one of the races that have been severely discriminated is the African Americans. The history of mass media in the United States laid witness to various racial discrimination experienced by cultural minorities. Perhaps the most noticeable form of discrimination is that of the employment opportunity in the mass media wherein only 16.2% of all employees involved in mass communication where from the minority groups (Mohammadi, 1995). To give more emphasis, only 8.9% are African American, the rest are Latins, Asians and etcetera. From the numbers given above it is evident that the media do not give equal opportunities to these minorities. However, what the public often fail to notice is the discrimination and mockery that the African-Americans experience in movies and other TV shows. Though the African-American TV host Ophra Winfrey is now enjoying much success and popularity, we need to have a deeper understanding for us to notice the hidden mockery in blockbuster hits of today. One fine example of such is the science fiction comedy Men in Black which is loved by many. The first release of the movie in 1997 grossed over 500 million dollars world wide and was later on followed by a sequel in 2002 which also gained much success. It was enjoyed by everyone including myself, however a deeper analysis would reveal the stereotypes given to African Americans and the discrimination that’s well hidden in the guide of comedy. Will Smith, a black comedian, is famous for his humor and in the movie he capitalized on it so well. However, he is placed side by side with the well composed, organized, calm and respected agent played by Tommy Lee Jones who is a white American. In the movie, Will Smith was a black agent who was incompetent in handling weapons and often complicates situations only for it to be solved by Tommy Lee Jones. The stereotype of blacks being incompetent in professional work is shown in the movie while hailing the whites as the great problem solver and savior of the blacks. Simple stereotypes as these often go as jokes and are pretty much enjoyed by many; however the social impact of these stereotypes should be given more emphasis. The next movie is that of Julia Styles and Sean Patrick entitled Save the Last dance. It’s a romantic movie in 2001 which revolved around the Application of Julia Styles in a dancing school. It was also a top grosser and was even voted as the most romantic movie in 2001 and won the MTV best kiss award. The movie was pretty obvious in stating the discrimination experienced by a white female white American and a male black American couple who lived in a city occupied mostly by blacks. In the movie, Sean and Julia ended up together in a supposedly â€Å"happy ending†, however if we take a deeper look, white supremacy is evident as she won the heart of Sean who is a cream of the cream in his school. Sean is a promising student with a lot of admirers in his school only to be smitten by the gorgeous white American therefore snagging the opportunity of black Americans to have a decent black man in their household. Though the movie aimed to show the struggles of the lovers in the process of fighting for their love, it only magnified the discrimination experienced by the blacks and the unequal opportunities especially when it comes to relationships. The movie further stressed that white women are more talented and beautiful and would therefore have better chances in ending up with a descent man. Their love story is a mockery to all African American Women. It seems that the media landscape in America has been reduced to black and white. The border of colors is evident though movie makers try to hide it with a veil of humor and drama. The stereotypes and the types of roles given to African Americans clearly show how this nation discriminates towards people with color. Furthermore, the roles given to African Americans are mostly of the goons with guns who deal with crimes and often sell drugs in sidewalks. Often they play menial jobs as car technicians and the like. These roles create a stereotype of African Americans in the mind of all whites. This further strengthens social stratification in our society. Now we need to ask is this reality? Are these roles as close as it is in real life? Though we can argue that in reality there are a lot of African Americans who are successful in what they do and are now rich and powerful. However we can never hide the fact that the ratio to those African Americans who are rich and powerful and those who are still mired in poverty is not equal. Even if many African Americans have climbed the economic ladder, most of them are still poor and poverty stricken. Poverty then leads to crime, thus, this is where movie makers get their stereotypes. Movies of gangsters only try to depict the realities in the ghettos. As what we have mentioned above, these stereotypes greatly affect the social stratification of this country. Perhaps we can’t blame the media for such discrimination. After all they only try to portray reality in how they view it.   Maybe we ought to examine society upon which the media and the movie makers cater to. Maybe then we will be able to realize that these stereotypes will remain as long as the audiences are willing to pay the tickets for a movie that enables them to laugh at the mockery of the current state of discrimination in this country. The movies are reflections of who day to day reality. The roles that actors portray is as close to reality as we may think, if we cannot erase the landscape of black and white in our own society then that landscape will prevail even on screen. References Mohammadi, A. (1995). Questioning the Media. A critical Introduction. Sage Publications Chang, E. (1992). Ethnic Peace in the America City. Building Community in Los Angeles and Beyond. How to cite Media Studies, Essay examples

Phan, Nam Essays - Alex Udinov, Nikita, , Term Papers

Phan, Nam Per. 5 English Book Report Title: The Forbidden City Author: William Bell Ted and Alex Jackson had to go to Beijing to report a story. When Alex and Ted arrived at the capital city they met a guide named Lao-Xu, who directed them to the Beijing Hotel. At the hotel, Ted and Alex meet Eddie Nowlan. Eddie is the reporter that Ted would be working with. After settling into the routine of the hotel, Alex began observing Tian An Men square, and interviewing some of the students who were protesting. One night Ted and Eddie left to observe the square, Alex wanted to come, but Ted and Eddie wouldn't let him. So Alex and Lao-Xu went out to see what all the machine gun fire was about. When they got to the square they saw PLA soldiers shooting students, and crushing them with armored personnel carriers. This was the People's Liberation Army. As Lao-Xu and Alex stood on the curb, they watched students getting shot, Lao-Xu became enraged and ran out into the middle of the street and started shouting at the PLA soldiers. Suddenly one of the soldiers raised his gun and shot Lao-Xu several times. He fell to the ground as Alex took confidential pictures of the the soldiers killing Lao-Xu and other students, he turned and ran, for his life. As Alex ran, he felt a sharp pain going up his leg, he had been shot, he started to feel dizzy and he wearily stumbled to the ground. As Alex laid on the ground some chinese students took Alex to a house. In the house he met a woman named Nai Nai. Soon after he met a girl named Xin-Hua, the granddaughter of Nai. Xin-Hua and Alex became friends. Later, Alex meets Xin-Hua's friends. With the help of Xin-Hua and her friends, Alex devises a plan to get to the Canadian Embassy. One of Xin-Hua's friends gives her a ping ban che to get across the city. Once on the road they made good time, on the way the two friends encountered some PLA soldiers, but they didn't have any problems. Once they arrived at the Canadian embassy gates they could not get in, so they headed for the airport. On the way to the airport they were stopped at a road block where Xin-Hua was taken into a nearby stand of trees and was shot. A PLA soldier forced him into a car, which took him to the airport where he was united with his father.They went back to Canada where they discovered that Alex was carrying videos of the things that happened while Alex, Ted, and Eddie were in Beijing.